2A Supreme Court

Court Cases

Educational information, not legal advice. Gun laws change often and vary by state, county and city. Check current law where you are and talk to a firearms attorney before acting. Full disclaimer

Last reviewed October 31, 2026

Second Amendment Court Cases: Where They Stand in 2026

The Supreme Court has decided more Second Amendment cases since 2022 than in the previous two centuries combined. New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Bruen (June 23, 2022) recognized a right to carry in public and replaced judicial “interest balancing” with a test grounded in the Amendment’s text and the nation’s historical tradition of firearm regulation. Every gun law challenge since then has been argued under that test.

The 2025-2026 term delivered two major wins. In United States v. Hemani (June 18, 2026), the Court held unanimously in the judgment that the federal ban on gun possession by drug users, 18 U.S.C. 922(g)(3), could not be applied to a man based only on occasional marijuana use without individualized proof of danger. One week later, in Wolford v. Lopez (June 25, 2026, 6-3), the Court struck down Hawaii’s “vampire rule,” which made it a crime for permit holders to carry on private property open to the public unless the owner gave express consent.

The biggest case in a generation is next. On June 30, 2026, the Court agreed to decide whether the Second Amendment protects AR-15 platform and similar semiautomatic rifles in Viramontes v. Cook County, consolidated with Grant v. Higgins (Connecticut). Argument is scheduled for December 2, 2026, with a decision expected by mid-2027. The same day, the Court declined to hear five challenges to federal and state age limits for 18-to-20-year-olds, leaving a circuit split in place.

Key Facts

  • June 23, 2022: NYSRPA v. Bruen (6-3) strikes New York’s “proper cause” carry permit requirement and sets the text-history-tradition test.
  • June 14, 2024: Garland v. Cargill (6-3) ends the ATF bump stock ban.
  • June 21, 2024: United States v. Rahimi (8-1) upholds 922(g)(8), disarming people under domestic violence restraining orders found to pose a credible threat.
  • March 26, 2025: Bondi v. VanDerStok (7-2) rejects a facial challenge to ATF’s frame and receiver rule.
  • June 5, 2025: Smith & Wesson Brands v. Estados Unidos Mexicanos (9-0) holds Mexico’s suit against U.S. gun makers barred by the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act.
  • June 18, 2026: United States v. Hemani limits 922(g)(3) as applied to a marijuana user; opinion by Justice Gorsuch, with all nine Justices agreeing in the result.
  • June 25, 2026: Wolford v. Lopez (6-3, opinion by Justice Alito) strikes Hawaii’s private-property default carry ban.
  • June 30, 2026: review granted in Viramontes v. Cook County (No. 25-238) and Grant v. Higgins (No. 25-566); argument December 2, 2026.
  • July 17, 2026: en banc Third Circuit strikes New Jersey’s rifle and magazine bans 10-5; ruling stayed August 4, 2026, pending Supreme Court review.

What Gun Owners Should Know

  • A Supreme Court win in one case does not automatically strike similar laws in other states. Each law usually has to be challenged, and lower courts often stay rulings.
  • Hemani is narrow. Federal law still lists drug use as a prohibitor, and Form 4473 still asks about it; marijuana remains a federally controlled substance.
  • After Wolford, states with similar “default no-carry” rules for private property face strong challenges, but check current state law before relying on that.
  • Follow the Viramontes argument on December 2, 2026, and mark the date on Gun Calendars.com. Related pages: Firearm Bans, State Gun Bans, and U.S. Judges.

Across the Gun Websites Network

Sources

Background and Resources

The Supreme Court of the United States has issued several landmark decisions related to Second Amendment issues, many in recent years. One of the most significant of these was the 2008 case of District of Columbia v. Heller, in which the court held that the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to possess firearms for self-defense in the home. The court also ruled that laws that prohibit the possession of handguns or require that they be disassembled or locked away are unconstitutional.

In 2010, the court extended the Heller decision to the states in the case of McDonald v. City of Chicago, holding that the Second Amendment applies to state and local governments as well as the federal government. This decision invalidated Chicago’s handgun ban, which had been in place for over 30 years.

Since then, the Supreme Court has declined to hear several cases related to Second Amendment issues, including challenges to state laws that restrict the sale of assault weapons and high-capacity magazines. However, the court has agreed to hear a case in the 2021-2022 term that will address the issue of concealed carry permits, specifically whether the Second Amendment requires states to issue permits to individuals who meet certain qualifications.

Overall, the Supreme Court’s decisions related to Second Amendment issues have had a significant impact on gun laws and regulations in the United States

2A Supreme Court

Circuit Court Cases

2A Circuit Court

  • 1803 ts first truly significant case, the Supreme Court asserted its
    power to overturn laws of Congress with the ruling written by our great
    Chief Justice John Marshall, which said simply: “All laws repugnant to
    the Constitution are null and void.” (Marbury v Madison, 5 US 137 (l803)
  • 1895 the Supreme Court ruled that individuals have a right to
    possess and use firearms for self-defense. (Beard v United States, 158
    US 550)
  • 1897 the court ruled that the right to arms is an “ancient”
    and “fundamental” right, a right which was “inherited from our English
    ancestors” and has existed “from time immemorial.” (Robertson v
    Baldwin, 165 US 275)
  • l914 the court ruled by implication that even resident aliens
    have the right to possess “weapons such as pistols that may be supposed
    to be needed occasionally for self-defense.” (Patsone v Pensylvania,
    232 US 138)
  • l921 the Supreme Court decided that a person facing a deadly
    attack may use lethal force in his self-defense, adding: “Detached
    reflection cannot be demanded in the presence of an uplifted knife.”
    (Brown v United States 256 US 335)
  • 1939 the Supreme court ruled that when called for militia duty,
    “these men were expected to appear bearing arms supplied by themselves
    and of the kind in common use at the time.” (U.S. v Miller, 307 US 174)
  • l968 the court ruled that a convicted felon is exempt from
    obeying gun registration laws, that “a proper claim of the
    constitutional privileged against self-incrimination provides a full
    defense to prosecutions either for failure to register a firearm….or
    for possession of an unregistered firearm.” (Haynes v US 390 US 85)
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  • l990, the Supreme Court ruled that the term “the people”
    explicitly as used in the Second and other Amendments, in the Preamble,
    and elsewhere in the Constitution, meaning all the individuals who make
    up our national community. (U.S. v Verdugo-Urguidez, No. 88-1353)
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  • “The United States is entirely a creature of the Constitution. Its
    power and authority have no other source. It can only act in accordance
    with all the limitations imposed by the Constitution.” (Reid v Covert,
    354 US l (1957)